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1.

Inspections and emissions in India: puzzling survey evidence about industrial pollution / Pargal, Sheoli
Industrial plants face pressure to abate water pollution from many sources, national and local, through formal government regulation and through more informal pressure from consumer groups and concern for the firm's reputation. Formal regulation tends to reflect the bargaining power of local communities and is not as uniform or blind as the law wou [...]
World Bank; 1997 - 21p., Tables
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2.

Informal regulation of industrial pollution in developing countries: Evidence from Indonesia / Pargal, Sheoli
The authors test a model of supply-demand relations in an implicit market for environmental services when formal regulation is absent. They use plant-level data from Indonesia for 1989-90, before the advent of nationwide environmental regulation. Treating pollution as a derived demand for environmental services, their model relates emissions of bio [...]
World Bank; 1995 - 22p.
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3.

Formal and informal regulation of industrial pollution: comparative evidence from Indonesia and the United States / Pargal, Sheoli
The authors start from the premise that governments act as agents of the public in regulating pollution, using the instruments at their disposal. But when formal regulatory mechanisms are absent or ineffective, communities will seek other means of translating their preferences into reality. Recent empirical work suggests the widespread existence of [...]
World Bank; 1997 - 21p., Ref.
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4.

What improves environmental performance? Evidence from Mexican industry / Dasgupta, Susmita
Using new survey evidence, the authors analyze the effects of regulation, plant-level management policies, and plant and firm characteristics on environmental performance in Mexican factories. They focus especially on management policies: the degree of effort to improve environmental performance and the type of management strategy adopted. They ind [...]
World Bank; 1998 - 24p., Ref.
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5.

Environmental inspections and emissions of the pulp and paper industry: the case of Quebec / Laplante, Benoît
April 1995 Both inspections and the threat of inspections reduce pollution emissions. Moreover, inspections induce plants to report their emissions levels more frequently to regulators. Since the early 1970s, industrial countries have enacted (or amended) many environmental laws and regulations to control and improve air and water quality [...]
World Bank; 1995 - 27p.
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6.

Industrial environment performance in China: The impact of inspections / Dasgupta, Susmita
Little empirical research has been done on monitoring and enforcement issues in environmental economics, especially to analyze the impact of monitoring and enforcement on polluters' environmental performance. No studies have been done in developing economies. The authors explore the impact of inspections, and the potential impact of pollution charg [...]
World Bank; 2000 - 25p., Ref.
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7.

Monitoring environmental standards: do local conditions matter? / Dion, Catherine
Economists have criticized regulations that impose uniform environmental standards on plants that may face different marginal abatement costs and damage functions. Such critics ignore the difference in standard implementation across plants, giving rise to nonuniform standards. The authors analyze what determines the regulators' monitoring activitie [...]
World Bank; 1997 - 20p.
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8.

Why paper mills clean up: determinants of pollution abatement in four Asian countries / Hartman, Raymond S.
The authors find strong evidence that despite weak or nonexistent formal regulation and enforcement of environmental standards, many plants in South and Southeast Asia are clean. At the same time, many plants are among the world's worst polluters. To account for the extreme variation among plants, the authors review evidence from a survey of pollut [...]
World Bank; 1997 - 37p.
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9.

Small manufacturing plants, pollution and poverty: new evidence from Brazil and Mexico / Dasgupta, Susmita
The authors use new data from Brazil and Mexico to analyze relationships linking economic development, the size distribution of manufacturing plants, and exposure to industrial pollution. For lack of data, prior work in this field has been limited largely to water pollution and medium-size plants. This study examines air pollution and encompasses s [...]
World Bank; 1998 - 21p., Ref.
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10.

Program-based pollution control management: the Indonesian PROKASIH program / Afsah, Shakeb
In 1989, Indonesia's Minister for Population and the Environment introduced its "Clean River" Program (PROKASIH). The program's purpose is to improve water quality by reducing pollution emmissions. Though participation is not entirely voluntary, compliance with the terms of the agreement signed by the plants is not legally binding [...]
World Bank; 1995 - 41p.
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11.

Clean fuels for Asia. Technical options for moving toward unleaded gasoline and low-sulfur diesel / Walsh, Michael
Expanding motor vehicle population is a major cause of air pollution in many Asian cities. This report describes strategies, incentives, and methods to increase the use of clean fuels and focuses on the abatement of vehicular pollution through the use of cleaner fuels, such as unleaded gasoline and lower sulfur diesel. It aims to provide decisionma [...]
World Bank; 1997 - 91p., Append.
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12.

Regulation and private sector investment in infrastructure: Evidence from Latin America / Pargal, Sheoli
The author assesses the importance of the regulatory framework as a determinant of private sector investment in infrastructure. She uses recently compiled data on private and public sector investment in the water, power, telecommunications, railroads, and roads sectors between 1980 and 1998 in nine countries in Latin America. The author finds that [...]
The World Bank; 2003 - 43p; Ref.
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13.

Environmental policy and time consistency: Emissions taxes and emissions trading / Kennedy, Peter W.
The authors examine policy problems related to the use of emissions taxes, and emissions trading, two market-based instruments for controlling pollution by getting regulated firms to adopt cleaner technologies. By attaching an explicit price to emissions, these instruments give firms an incentive to continually reduce their volume of emissions. Com [...]
World Bank; 2000 - 42p., ref.
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14.

Incentives for pollution control: regulation and public disclosure / Foulon, Jerome
An increasing number of regulators have adopted public disclosure programs to create incentives for pollution control. Previous empirical analyses of monitoring and enforcement issues have focused strictly on the impact of such traditional practices as monitoring (inspections) and enforcement (fines and penalties) on polluters' environmental perfor [...]
World Bank; 2000 - 31p., Ref.
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15.

Equilibrium incentives for adopting cleaner technology under emission pricing / Kennedy, Peter W.
Policymakers sometimes presume that adopting a less polluting technology necessarily improves welfare. This view is generally mistaken. Adopting a cleaner technology is costly, and this cost must be weighed against the technology's benefits in reduced pollution and reduced abatement costs [...]
World Bank; 1995 - 40p.
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16.

Energy pricing and air pollution: Econometric evidence from manufacturing in Chile and Indonesia / Eskeland, Gunnar S.
Sound public policy addresses externalities directly, when possible. Air pollution is best alleviated by policy instruments that internalize the social cost of pollution, making it attractive to reduce emissions. One such instrument might be a tax levied on individual emissions, if they are measurable and if there is an accepted relationship betwee [...]
World Bank; 1994 - 33p.
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17.

Pollution prevention and abatement handbook 1998 toward cleaner production / World Bank
The handbook has been prepared to update and replace the "1988 Environmental Guidelines." The Handbook is specifically designed to be used in the context of the World Bank Group's environmental policies, as set out in Operational Policy (OP) 4.01, "Environmental Assessment," and related documents. It consists of three sections. Part I contains a su [...]
World Bank; 1999 - 457p.
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18.

A planner's guide for selecting clean coal technologies for power plants / Oskarsson, Karin
This report has been prepared as a technology selection guide for the use of power system planners and engineers to facilitate the selection of cost-effective, environmentally friendly technologies for coal-based power generation in countries grappling with impending power and capital shortages in the face of stricter environmental regulations. The [...]
World Bank; 1997 -
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19.

Priorities for environmental expenditures in industry: Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union / Ambler, Mark
Large, old-fashioned heavy industrial plants are major sources of pollution in most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Plants which were designed to maximize production with little regard for efficiency or for the protection of workers and the environment are now responsible for a high level of pollutant emissions and are affecting the [...]
World Bank; 1998 - 249p.
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20.

Environmental protection and optimal taxation / Eskeland, Gunnar S.
Struck by the fact that economists did not have a plausible model for why emissions standards, and mandated technologies, play a dominant role in pollution control, the author sought answers to two questions: 1) Should one stimulate emissions reductions by firms, and households, rich and poor, in the same way? 2) How should one combine instruments [...]
World Bank; 2000 - 31p., Ref.
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